The History Of Natural Makeup
The use of natural makeup products has been around ever since people
became aware of themselves. When people realised for the first time that
the muddy face staring back at them from pond or river was actually
themselves - the desire to improve looks was born. So the use of truly
organic makeup has been around almost as long a man (or woman) himself.
So
how was the foundation for the makeup industry started? When did makeup
products become commercially popular? Why is there a move today to go
back to all natural cosmetics and makeup products?
To answer those
questions we have to go back to the Egyptians and their use of
foundations and eye makeup.
Egyptian beauty
Most
of us have seen pictures of Cleopatra with her dark eye makeup and
bronze foundation. Red clay and water was used for lips and cheeks.
Henna was used to dye the nails and hair. They believed that beauty was
not only to look good for themselves but it also had spiritual meaning
it was pleasing to the gods. So the more beautiful a person looked, the
more the gods would be pleased. Because their makeup could please the
gods they also reasoned that it could protect them from evil. Burnt
almonds were burnt to produce a dark colored powder. This was mixed with
sheep's fat, lead and copper ores, ash and ochre was applied to the
eyes to give the eye an almond look which was considered very desirable.
They also used other colors for a natural foundation. For example they
applied a bright green paste of copper minerals to their faces to
provide colour. Perfumed oils were used to create sweet smelling
perfumes. They even tackled body odour by mashing incense soaked
porridge into their armpits! In fact many of the nut and seed and
essential oils being used today were used during these times to prevent
dryness against the hot Egyptian sun and winds. Almond, olive and sesame
oils along with essential oils like lavender, peppermint, chamomile,
rose, myrrh and thyme were commonly used. So natural makeup was born!
The
Far East
Around 1500 BC in China and Japan rice powder
paint was used as for a white foundation. It maybe didn't give a natural
makeup look but it certainly caught people eye! We will all have seen
the classic geisha face. Eyebrows were plucked, and teeth were even
painted black or gold. Henna dyes were used to dye hair and faces. In
fact today henna is still a great hair dye!
Grecian makeup
In
Greece in 1,000 BC it became popular for women and men of the upper
classes to wear wigs. This was because they had started using bleaches
to lighten their hair, and ended up destroying their hair completely!
They made rouge from crushed mulberries and sometimes red beet juice and
crushed strawberries. For a lighter foundation white lead and chalk
were used. Women used a clay stained red with iron, as lipstick, and
even painted their palms with henna to make them look younger.
Roman
times
The Romans took bathing seriously, hence the
amount of public baths that can still be seen today. They caused
themselves no end of pain by their attempts at being hair-free.
Crocodile excrement was used for mud baths, barley flour and butter for
pimples, and sheep fat and blood for nail polish. Women wore white lead
and chalk to lighten their faces, a look that was to last off and on to
the present day. Part of the reason for this look was that it
demonstrated wealth. Only the wealthy could stay inside and avoid a
sun-tan. Of course nowadays it the opposite. Those with sun-tans are
considered more wealthy because of being able to afford exotic holidays.
Now though with more of the dangers associated with the sun and skin
cancer we might see a revival in whiter skin.
Medieval to
middles ages
During this time it was still fashionable to
have the pale look and efforts were made to make lighter foundations,
not all of them 'natural' though. If the fashionable sixth century woman
could not afford white make-up, she achieved the same result by using
leeches and bleeding herself! Sometimes egg whites or a potentially
deadly combination of carbonate hydroxide and lead oxide was used to
make a face powder. Lead which provided a white look and arsenic because
it gave a metallic luster could also be found in eye shadows and lip
tints. And to finish off the pale look, belladonna, a poisonous herb,
was dropped into the eyes to dilate the pupils and give them a dreamy
look.
Renaissance look
The expression
'looks can kill' took on a new meaning thanks to a woman in Italy by the
name of Ms. Toffana. She made an arsenic based white face foundation
Aqua Toffana. Women would visit Ms.Toffana to learn its proper use. The
instructions were never to ingest the makeup, but to apply it to their
cheeks when their men were around. Six hundred dead husbands (and many
wealthy widows) later, Ms. Toffana was executed.
With the start of
14th Century makeup was soon back in fashion and many different types
of makeup products were being produced. Women wore egg whites over their
faces to create a glazed look and in Elizabethan England dyed red hair
was the fashion. Women were also known to sleep with slices of raw beef
on their faces to get rid of wrinkles.
Fragrant France
During
the 16th century in Europe Italy and France became the chief centre of
makeup and cosmetic manufacture. New fragrances were created by blending
ingredients together.
Essential oils were extracted from plants
such as Lavender, which were being mass cultivated for this purpose for
the first time. The white look continued to be popular, a 16th century
whitening agent for the face was composed of carbonate, hydroxide, and
lead oxide. These agents, cumulatively stored in the body with each use,
were responsible for numerous physical problems and resulted in some
cases of muscle paralysis or death. This is the reason why today many
are looking for more natural makeup products. There are no clear studies
as to how the mixture of different synthetic chemicals in modern day
makeup can affect the body.
Back By Popular Demand
By
the 18th century with the beginnings of mass production and increasing
wealth meant that cosmetics were in use by nearly all social classes.
Red rouge and lipstick were all the rage in France. The more puritanical
protestant countries were slower - viewing red as the color of loose
women. They accused the French of hiding their ugliness behind makeup.
In the 19th century Zinc oxide replaced lead as a white colorant, but
other poisonous substances continued in use. Lipsticks contained
mercuric sulphide and the deadly nerve toxin, belladonna, was added to
the eyes to open up the iris 'and make one's eyes sparkle'. Did you know
that lead is still found in some lipsticks today!
So as you can
see not much has changed in the history of makeup. Unfortunately today
makeup companies are still putting potentially dangerous chemical in
makeup products. Although they are classed as 'safe for use', this is
sometimes because there is no proof yet of the damage that these can
cause. For example traces of parabens (a preservative used in most
cosmetic products) have found in breast cancers. While there is no
definite link to say that parabens are causing skin cancer, many are
alarmed at these findings. After all the cosmetic companies are mainly
interested in money. We know this because many times cheap chemicals are
used which cause damage and irritation to the skin. These cheap
chemicals can also be found in the so-called 'top of the range' makeup
and cosmetic products.
